Feed Planet Dergisi Sayı 15 Kasım-Aralık 2018

ARTICLE • MAKALE 53 FEED PLANET / NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2018 • KASIM-ARALIK 2018 tohumlar dâhil olmak üzere çok çeşitli ürünlerde görülür. Mısır, özellikle çeşitli mikotoksinler tarafından kirlenmiş ola- bilir (Tablo 1). Mikotoksinlerin çok çeşitli kimyasal yapılarla temsil edildiği de açıktır. Mikotoksinler, hayvanlarda ve in- sanlarda sağlık ve üretkenliklerine etki eden çeşitli önemli organlara karşı toksiktir (Tablo 1). Bağışıklık sistemini tehlikeye atan mikotoksinler özellikle önemlidir. are especially associated, are shown below (Table 1 & Figure 1). The major mycotoxin-producing mould species are; Aspergillus flavus & A. parasiticus (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2); A. ochraceus & Penicillium verrucosum (ochratoxin A); Fusarium graminearum (deoxynivalenol & zeara- lenone); F. sporotrichioides (T-2 toxin) and F. verticillioides & F. proliferatum (fumonisin B1). Mycotoxins occur in a wide variety of crops, including cere- als, edible nuts and oilseeds. Maize, especially, may be contaminated by a variety of mycotoxins (Table 1). It is also evident that mycotoxins are represented by a wide range of chem- ical structures. Mycotoxins are toxic towards a vari- ety of key organs in animals and Man, impacting upon their health and pro- ductivity (Table 1). Those mycotoxins which compromise the immune sys- tem are especially important. The Aflatoxins Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 & G2 The term 'aflatoxins' was coined in the early 1960s when the death of thousands of turkeys ('Turkey X' dis- ease), ducklings and other domestic animals was attributed to the pres- ence of Aspergillus flavus toxins in groundnut meal imported from South America (Austwick, 1978).