Feed Planet Magazine Issue-Sayı: 20 September/October - Eylül/Ekim 2019

SPECIAL COVER • ÖZEL DOSYA 76 FEED PLANET / SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2019 • EYLÜL-EKİM 2019 lerde yem depoları ve bunların hazırlığı için belirli bir ünite- nin başlangıç aşamasında planlanması gerekir. Ancak bu yerin seçimi ve planlamasında sürü sağlık koruma, işletme genişleme planları ve yem dağıtımı ve işletme mekanizas- yon olanakları da dikkate alınmalıdır. Ayrıca, yem hazırla- ma sistemi planlanmasında, elastikiyet, ekonomik durum, işletim kolaylığı, bağımlılık, basitlik ve güvenlik konuları da önemlidir. İşletmelerde yem hazırlığının bir alanda toplan- ması gerekir. Burada rasyonda kullanılan, gerek işletmede üretilen gerekse dışarıdan satın alınan yemlerin depolan- ması ve hazırlanması alet ekipmanların kullanımı, işin sü- resi, iş etkenliği açılarından planlamada sürekliliği sağlar. YEM VAGONU ÇALIŞTIRMA Yem vagonları, silajı kesme, öğütme ve karıştırma yapa- bilme özelliklerine göre silaj dağıtan ve silaj kesen, öğüten ve dağıtan tarım makineleridir. Özellikle kaynakların sınırlı olduğu yerlerde süt sığırcılığı yapılan işletmelerde kötü ka- lite silaj sorunu veya atıkların kullanımı gibi konular dikka- te alındığında yem vagonu bunların kullanımında avantaj into account herd health bio-security, business expansion plans and feed distribution and operation mechanization possibilities. In addition, flexibility, economic status, ease of operation, dependence, simplicity, and safety are im- portant in the planning of the feed preparation system. Feed preparation should be collected in one area. The feed, which is used in ration, storage and preparation ei- ther produced in the enterprise or purchased ensures the sustainability of planning in the use of equipment, the work duration, the work efficiency. FEED WAGON OPERATION Feed wagons are agricultural machines that distribute silage and cut, mix and distribute according to the plane for each groups. Feed wagon provides an advantage when considering bad quality silage or the use of waste in enterprises that carry out cattle breeding in areas where the resources are limited. Dispersion control should be carried out with particle separator for mixture quality. Ac- cording to the condition of the shearing knife, it is divided into 3 classes as horizontal, inclined, and vertical. It should be used at 75 percent occupancy in the feed wagon to prevent spillage and to allow efficient mixing. In the hori- zontal and vertical mixers, the order of addition of the raw materials in the TMR is different. The mixing time and the mixing sequence must be observed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. After joining the final raw material, the manufacturing companies recom- mend 3-6 minutes. However, in practice 15-20 minute of mixing time is applied. FEEDING FREQUENCY AND FEED REFRESHING Cows are animals that depend on their daily habits that want to do the same thing every day at the same time and in the same way. The basic of cattle feeding is that there has to be continuous feed in front of the animal for 24 hours (Ballantine, 1998). If there is low distance between feeder, silage is used in feeding, silage is bad quality or weather is hot, it is required to feed frequently. Studies have shown that milk fat drop caused by high concentrate feed can be reduced by increasing the feeding frequency from 2 to 6, especially in high concentrate feed rations. With the increase of meal time of dairy cows within a day, the feeding duration expanded in a day more evenly, and the number of round visits to the feed has decreased, and the number of meal does not affect the sleeping time in a day and the aggressive behavior in the feeder; based on these positive developments, all animals’ access to meal has gotten better (DeVries et al. 2005). It is reported that feeding more than 4 times a day does not make a statisti- cal difference (Gibson, 2002). In addition, pushing the feed to the front of the animal (feed refresher) encourages feed consumption. Studies have shown that pushing the feed